China is home to seven of the world’s ten busiest container ports. About 26 percent of the world’s shipped goods pass through China’s top ten ports every year. However, along with its cargo, every ship and truck brings pollution. With ships allowed to burn fuel with much higher sulfur levels than permitted in on-road diesel vehicles, one container ship cruising along the coast of China emits as much diesel pollution as 500,000 new Chinese trucks release in a single day. This document is the Issue Brief of the report “Prevention and Control of Shipping and Port Air Emissions in China”.