Over the past few years, NRDC has worked with U.S. experts, Chinese policy makers and scholars to foster the establishment of a robust pollution permitting system in China. In 2017, after 20 years of pilot programs, China initiated efforts to build a new national permitting program with support from national research agencies focused on studying national permitting regulations. On November 3-4, NRDC and Shenzhen University Law School jointly organized an intensive exchange workshop to discuss the U.S.’ experiences as well as China’s progress and challenges. NRDC invited senior permit engineers to provide first-hand information on the Clean Air Act and Clean Water Act to Chinese participants. The discussion covered technology-based emission standards, penalties for violations, inspections by regulators, along with other critical issues. NRDC’s research on the US permitting system under the Clean Air Act and Clean Water Act was provided to participants for their reference.